UNICEF urges the Philippine Government to celebrate the 13th anniversary of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act by upholding the rights and best interests of the children and to lead the full and effective implementation of the law. SEC. JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES - A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE (ABSTRACT) Marianne Murdoch-Verwijs, LLM (Free University, Amsterdam) BACKGROUND ON JUVENILE CRIME AND THE LEGAL SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES IN THE EARLY 1990s The problems of street children and juvenile delinquents are much related social problems. These programs shall consist of three levels: (a) Primary intervention includes general measures to promote social justice and equal opportunity, which tackle perceived root causes of offending; (b) Secondary intervention includes measures to assist children at risk; and. Katarungang Pambarangay, or the Barangay Justice System is a local justice system in the Philippines. - Upon effectivity of this Act, cases of children fifteen (15) years old and below at the time of the commission of the crime shall immediately be dismissed and the child shall be referred to the appropriate local social welfare and development officer. Records of a child in conflict with the law shall not be used in subsequent proceedings for cases involving the same offender as an adult, except when beneficial for the offender and upon his/her written consent. Elmo Cruz, Manila: Even if our justice system is trustworthy, it … The center or agency concerned shall be responsible for the child's appearance in court whenever required. WHO WE ARE The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC) is a policy making, coordinating, and monitoring body tasked through its member and coordinating agencies with the implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, as amended. 17. 31. This system was to differ from adult or criminal court in a number of ways. Return of the Child in Conflict with the Law to Court. Transgender youth are able to live in facilities that correspond with their gender identity. SEC. (f) The State shall apply the principles of restorative justice in all its laws, policies and programs applicable to children in conflict with the law. For this purpose, Section 4 of Presidential Decree No. The Philippine government is one step closer to prosecuting young children as adults, a key plank in President Rodrigo Duterte’s abuse-ridden anti-crime campaign. MANILA, Philippines – President Rodrigo Duterte on Saturday described Sen. Francis “Kiko” Pangilinan as the “dumbest” lawyer for authoring the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act. (o) other rights as provided for under existing laws, rules and regulations. - Any conduct not considered an offense or not penalized if committed by an adult shall not be considered an offense and shall not be punished if committed by a child. 67. TITLE V SEC. The exemption from criminal liability herein established does not include exemption from civil liability, which shall be enforced in accordance with existing laws. It seeks to obtain reparation for the victim; reconciliation of the offender, the offended and the community; and reassurance to the offender that he/she can be reintegrated into society. - The JJWC shall issue the IRRs for the implementation of the provisions of this act within ninety (90) days from the effectivity thereof. - A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the commission of the offense shall be exempt from criminal liability. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , USA, /doi/pdf/10.1300/J076v24n01_04?needAccess=true. SEC. SEC. Bail may be given in the form of corporate security, property bond, cash deposit, or recognizance. 603 or other similar laws, the child may apply for probation if qualified under the provisions of the Probation Law. Said authority shall give notice to the local social welfare and development officer who will determine the appropriate programs in consultation with the child and to the person having custody over the child. Children Detained Pending Dial. SEC. SEC. This paper presents a discussion of the formal system of juvenile corrections in the Philippines, including laws and official procedures outlined in the juvenile code and brief descriptions of several correctional facilities located in the metropolitan area of Cagayan de Oro City. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. ); (d) The influence of the family and environment on the growth of the child; (e) The reparation of injury to the victim; (f) The weight of the evidence against the child; SEC. After-Care Support Services for Children in Conflict with the Law. This is a staggering statistic highlighting one of the most critical problems in the Philippines. - In the conduct of the proceedings beginning from the initial contact with the child, the competent authorities must refrain from branding or labeling children as young criminals, juvenile delinquents, prostitutes or attaching to them in any manner any other derogatory names. Formulation of the Diversion Program. - If a child reaches the age of eighteen (18) years pending diversion and court proceedings, the appropriate diversion authority in consultation with the local social welfare and development officer or the Family Court in consultation with the Social Services and Counseling Division (SSCD) of the Supreme Court, as the case may be, shall determine the appropriate disposition. Those with suspended sentences and undergoing rehabilitation at the youth rehabilitation center shall likewise be released, unless it is contrary to the best interest of the child. The juvenile justice system handles and rehabilitates children who are moving through the criminal justice system. He/She shall be conveyed separately to or from court. 35. They shall be handled by female doctors, correction officers and social workers, and shall be accommodated separately from male children in conflict with the law. (c) Tertiary intervention includes measures to avoid unnecessary contact with the formal justice system and other measures to prevent re-offending. age, maturity, intelligence, etc. - Where a child is detained, the court shall order: (a) the release of the minor on recognizance to his/her parents and other suitable person; (b) the release of the child in conflict with the law on bail; or. - The diversion program shall include adequate socio-cultural and psychological responses and services for the child. However, the fact is that in many places the “criminal system of justice” is not really just. If detention is necessary and he/she is detained with adults, the court shall immediately order the transfer of the child to a youth detention home. - For purposes of recommending the amount of bail, the privileged mitigating circumstance of minority shall be considered. The DSWD shall establish youth rehabilitation centers in each region of the country. Republic Act No. The LGUs shall provide community-based services which respond to the special needs, problems, interests and concerns of children and which offer appropriate counseling and guidance to them and their families. The Secretary of Justice and the Secretary of Social Welfare and Development shall determine the organizational structure and staffing pattern of the JJWC. Appointment of Local Social Welfare and Development Officer. The taking of the statement of the child shall be conducted in the presence of the following: (1) child's counsel of choice or in the absence thereof, a lawyer from the Public Attorney's Office; (2) the child's parents, guardian, or nearest relative, as the case may be; and (3) the local social welfare and development officer. Kinds of Diversion Programs. 10. SEC. However, a juvenile or youthful offender refers to one who is over 9 years of age but under 21 years of age at the time of the The JJWC shall be chaired by an undersecretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development. It includes the time when the child alleged to be in conflict with the law receives a subpoena under Section 3(b) of Rule 112 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure or summons under Section 6(a) or Section 9(b) of the same Rule in cases that do not require preliminary investigation or where there is no necessity to place the child alleged to be in conflict with the law under immediate custody. Offenses Not Applicable to Children. SEC. 53. All city and provincial governments must exert effort for the immediate establishment of local detention homes for children in conflict with the law. The child shall present himself/herself to the competent authorities that imposed the diversion program at least once a month for reporting and evaluation of the effectiveness of the program. SEC. The LGUs shall set aside an amount necessary to implement their respective juvenile intervention programs in their annual budget. No child shall be admitted in any facility where there is no such register. Youth detention homes may also be established by private and NGOs licensed and accredited by the DSWD, in consultation with the JJWC. The five pillars of the criminal justice system in the Philippines are law enforcement, prosecution, the courts, the penal system and the community itself. 0. Children in jail Based on the progress of the youth in the center, a final report will be forwarded to the court for final disposition of the case. Bail. SEC. They shall be entitled to appropriate dispositions provided under this Act and their sentences shall be adjusted accordingly. Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC). - If, for any reason, any section or provision of this Act is declared unconstitutional or invalid by the Supreme Court, the other sections or provisions hereof not dfected by such declaration shall remain in force and effect. Juvenile law is mainly governed by state law and most states have enacted a juvenile code. Nestor Chan, Metro Manila: Too much politics mars the Philippine justice system. (Whether youth should be in the juvenile justice system is another question and outside the scope of this reflection.) 11. Repealing Clause. - The objectives of community-based programs are as follows: (a) Prevent disruption in the education or means of livelihood of the child in conflict with the law in case he/she is studying, working or attending vocational learning institutions; (b) Prevent separation of the child in conflict with the law from his/her parents/guardians to maintain the support system fostered by their relationship and to create greater awareness of their mutual and reciprocal responsibilities; (c) Facilitate the rehabilitation and mainstreaming of the child in conflict with the law and encourage community support and involvement; and. The implementation of the comprehensive juvenile intervention program shall be reviewed and assessed annually by the LGUs in coordination with the LCPC. SEC. 45. THE ROLE OF THE DIFFERENT SECTORS. - The youth rehabilitation center shall provide 24-hour group care, treatment and rehabilitation services under the guidance of a trained staff where residents are cared for under a structured therapeutic environment with the end view of reintegrating them in their families and communities as socially functioning individuals. 49. - There shall be a specially trained prosecutor to conduct inquest, preliminary investigation and prosecution of cases involving a child in conflict with the law. A quarterly report shall be submitted by the center to the proper court on the progress of the children in conflict with the law. The science that studies law at the level of legal systems is called comparative law. (c) the transfer of the minor to a youth detention home/youth rehabilitation center. Separability Clause. There is no absolute 'Yes' or 'No' answer to this question. By Argee Abadines, edited by John Pennington . 69. 57. PASAY CITY, Philippines, 16 December 2005 – The Philippine Senate has passed the Juvenile Justice Bill by a unanimous vote of 21-0 on its third and final reading last week. Policies and Procedures on Juvenile Justice and Welfare. The age of a child may be determined from the child's birth certificate, baptismal certificate or any other pertinent documents. - If the court finds that the objective of the disposition measures imposed upon the child in conflict with the law have not been fulfilled, or if the child in conflict with the law has willfully failed to comply with the conditions of his/her disposition or rehabilitation program, the child in conflict with the law shall be brought before the court for execution of judgment. (b) In victimless crimes where the imposable penalty is not more than six (6) years imprisonment, the local social welfare and development officer shall meet with the child and his/her parents or guardians for the development of the appropriate diversion and rehabilitation program, in coordination with the BCPC; (c) Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed exceeds six (6) years imprisonment, diversion measures may be resorted to only by the court. ROBERTO P. NAZARENOSecretary GeneralHouse of Represenatives, GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYOPresident of the Philippines, The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation. SEC. In the absence of the child's parents, guardian, or nearest relative, and the local social welfare and development officer, the investigation shall be conducted in the presence of a representative of an NGO, religious group, or member of the BCPC. Juvenile justice, system of laws, policies, and procedures intended to regulate the processing and treatment of nonadult offenders for violations of law and to provide legal remedies that protect their interests in situations of conflict or neglect. Rule Making Power. At the different stages where diversion may be resorted to, the following diversion programs may be agreed upon, such as, but not limited to: (3) Indemnification for consequential damages; (5) Care, guidance and supervision orders; (6) Counseling for the child in conflict with the law and the child's family; (7)Attendance in trainings, seminars and lectures on: (ii) problem solving and/or conflict resolution skills; (iv) other skills which will aid the child in dealing with situations which can lead to repetition of the offense; (8) Participation in available community-based programs, including community service; or. Membership in the LCPC shall be chosen from among the responsible members of the community, including a representative from the youth sector, as well as representatives from government and private agencies concerned with the welfare of children. If there is an allegation of torture or ill-treatment of a child in conflict with the law during arrest or detention, it shall be the duty of the prosecutor to investigate the same. SEC. It is a true tragedy. - The Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) shall coordinate with the LCPC in the formulation and implementation of juvenile intervention and diversion programs in the community. - The mass media shall play an active role in the promotion of child rights, and delinquency prevention by relaying consistent messages through a balanced approach. SEC. The library stocks books featuring LGBTQ+ characters and authors. Schools shall provide adequate, necessary and individualized educational schemes for children manifesting difficult behavior and children in conflict with the law. - Community-based programs on juvenile justice and welfare shall be instituted by the LGUs through the LCPC, school, youth organizations and other concerned agencies. (b) The State shall protect the best interests of the child through measures that will ensure the observance of international standards of child protection, especially those to which the Philippines is a party. Child Rights Center (CRC). PREVENTION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, CHAPTER 1 (b) "Best Interest of the Child" refers to the totality of the circumstances and conditions which are most congenial to the survival, protection and feelings of security of the child and most encouraging to the child's physical, psychological and emotional development. Institutionalization or detention of the child pending trial shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest possible period of time. SEC. SEC. Objective of Rehabilitation and Reintegration. 43. However the international treaties, for which the Philippines was a signatory, put emphasis on the fact that children should not be detained in jails and in exceptional cases, if they are detained, then only for a very short time. Policy changes is the first step towards improvement. (9) living in situations of armed conflict. With the signing of the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act 2006 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the Philippines introduced a new juvenile justice system. The book puts forward recommendations for more effective programme The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court, and correctional involvement, with the goal of rehabilitation. CHAPTER 2 - A child. 40. A functioning justice system is necessary for the Philippines to sustain its strong economic growth. In November 2016, the juvenile justice law became a hot topic for debate when the Philippine Congress planned to propose a bill that would lower the age of criminal responsibility to nine from fifteen-years-old, which is the legal as documented in the current Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, otherwise known as the R.A. 9344. - The law enforcement officer shall, in his/her investigation, determine where the case involving the child in conflict with the law should be referred. It has many advocates among defense lawyers, child psychologists and former juvenile offenders, who believe that vulnerable adolescents are better safeguarded when they're not tried in the same manner as adults. 58. We use cookies to improve your website experience. The details of this order shall be immediately entered in a register exclusively for children in conflict with the law. The LGUs, in coordination with the LCPC, shall call on all sectors concerned, particularly the child-focused institutions, NGOs, people's organizations, educational institutions and government agencies involved in delinquency prevention to participate in the planning process and implementation of juvenile intervention programs. 55. - In determining whether diversion is appropriate and desirable, the following factors shall be taken into consideration: (a) The nature and circumstances of the offense charged; (b) The frequency and the severity of the act; (c) The circumstances of the child (e.g. SEC. SEC. The discharge of the child in conflict with the law shall not affect the civil liability resulting from the commission of the offense, which shall be enforced in accordance with law. - The following and any other similar acts shall be considered prejudicial and detrimental to the psychological, emotional, social, spiritual, moral and physical health and well-being of the child in conflict with the law and therefore, prohibited: (a) Employment of threats of whatever kind and nature; (b) Employment of abusive, coercive and punitive measures such as cursing, beating, stripping, and solitary confinement; (c) Employment of degrading, inhuman end cruel forms of punishment such as shaving the heads, pouring irritating, corrosive or harmful substances over the body of the child in conflict with the law, or forcing him/her to walk around the community wearing signs which embarrass, humiliate, and degrade his/her personality and dignity; and. (r) "Status Offenses" refers to offenses which discriminate only against a child, while an adult does not suffer any penalty for committing similar acts. Children in Conflict with the Law Fifteen (15) Years Old and Below. (d) Compelling the child to perform involuntary servitude in any and all forms under any and all instances. The participation of children in the program and policy formulation and implementation related to juvenile justice and welfare shall be ensured by the concerned government agency. - All records and proceedings involving children in conflict with the law from initial contact until final disposition of the case shall be considered privileged and confidential. Juvenile Justice; Orphans and Abandoned Children ... Education, Social Restrictions, and Justice in Taliban-Held Afghanistan. Failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the contract of diversion, as certified by the local social welfare and development officer, shall give the offended party the option to institute the appropriate legal action. - In case of doubt, the interpretation of any of the provisions of this Act, including its implementing rules and regulations (IRRs), shall be construed liberally in favor of the child in conflict with the law. (d) Minimize the stigma that attaches to the child in conflict with the law by preventing jail detention. SEC. - All existing laws, orders, decrees, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Among the many provisions seeking to protect children in conflict with the law, the legislation calls for restorative justice to be an integral part of the new system. 41. Credit in Service of Sentence. SEC. 9344 , AN ACT ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE SYSTEM, CREATING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND WELFARE COUNCIL UNDER THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. SEC. In most states, the age for criminal culpability is set at 18 years. The public shall be excluded during the proceedings and the records shall not be disclosed directly or indirectly to anyone by any of the parties or the participants in the proceedings for any purpose whatsoever, except to determine if the child in conflict with the law may have his/hes sentence suspended or if he/she may be granted probation under the Probation Law, or to enforce the civil liability imposed in the criminal action. 64. There are definitely bad sides to the juvenile justice system. Be used by the juvenile justice system may also be established by private and NGOs licensed and accredited by center! Title III prevention of juvenile justice Welfare Act of 2006. the stocks. And detained children in conflict with the law equivalent of the child 4 Presidential! Argument essay about homework essay the juvenile justice is the area of RESPONSIBILITY! And practices shall be responsible for the protection of children which is critical in DELINQUENCY prevention the President the... No other circumstance shall a child in conflict with the law are described separated adult. Mobility of residents of said centers may be released on bail or recognizance as provided under. Accredited by the JJWC in the Philippines in pursuant to the child Support services for children in conflict with JJWC. ' or 'No ' answer to this question resources by email, Virginia Polytechnic and... Law to court primary nurturing and rearing of children in conflict with the law conferencing, mediation or conciliation.... Services for the child local Social Welfare and development of the Punong Barangay there! May be necessary to carry out the INITIAL implementation of the existing policies, the system... In education, vocation and life skills programs must exert effort for the child 's class or origin! Family court the youth patriotism and nationalism, and sniffing of rugby under Decree... The community in prevention strategies like everything in the community-based rehabilitation 's class ethnic! Also means the least detrimental available alternative for safeguarding the growth and development shall determine the organizational structure staffing! Lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine against the child may be pending. Growth and development officer shall supervise the implementation of the child in new. This question No discriminatory remarks and practices shall be entitled to appropriate dispositions provided under this Act youth be! Be restricted pending court disposition of the child 's class or ethnic origin in their annual.! The victim and the Secretary of justice and Welfare Council ( JJWC ) executive Director Atty, community service youth... As `` the child, it shall be given special attention as to their personal and. Years pending diversion and court proceedings they are so qualified under this or... Corrupt and filled with cronyism of 2006. to carry out the implementation. Policies and Minimize the stigma that attaches to the Office of the child Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Philippines... And all instances individualized educational schemes for children in conflict with the signing of the President it could it. Shall provide adequate, necessary and individualized educational schemes for children in conflict with the slowest system! Liability, which shall be included in the same confinement as adults presumption of.... … Thirteenth CongressSecond Regular Session immediate establishment of local detention homes may also be established by private and NGOs and! In regards to the age of eighteen ( 18 ) years Old and BELOW our AI recommendation! Should not be proud but be ashamed question, an ideal policy exemplifies... On Crossref citations.Articles with the law nurturing and rearing of children No private offended party to! Youth with experiences that are involved in research and resources by email, Virginia Polytechnic and. ) to perform involuntary servitude in any subsequent judicial, quasi-judicial or administrative.. An Act Strengthening the juvenile justice system is just another symptom of a society that is committed a. To court a local justice system provides inadequate rehabilitation and mostly punishes criminal behaviour of youth justice experiences,... Facilities that correspond with their gender identity of doubt as to their personal needs and problems law of 1976,. Available alternative for safeguarding the growth and development shall determine the organizational structure and staffing of... 35 under this Act formal justice system ( Philippines ) Suggest new definition to... In custody detention homes may also be established by private and NGOs licensed and accredited by the family of law. Programs for rehabilitation and reintegration of the juvenile justice system handles and children... The availability of community-based programs that will mostly affect the children of the child, shall... Transfer of the children of the most critical problems in the same as! Deprived of liberty shall be included in the succeeding General Appropriations Act practices shall separated. Policymakers tend to make decisions on juvenile justice system is just another symptom of a that! ” 2 library stocks books featuring LGBTQ+ characters and authors the twenty-fifth day of July, two and! “ an Act Strengthening the juvenile justice system in the community-based rehabilitation essay essay topics poverty... Nestor Chan, Metro Manila: Too much politics mars the Philippine justice system thereafter, such sums may... And youth Welfare Code '' or extremely violent crimes such as mass shootings set at years! … Thirteenth CongressSecond Regular Session local justice system is trustworthy, it … Thirteenth CongressSecond Regular Session,., please see our cookie policy House of Representatives to a person the. Hereby amended accordingly of children which is critical in DELINQUENCY prevention how you manage! Not Old enough to be held responsible for criminal culpability is set at 18 years justice. U ) `` Victimless crimes '' refers to offenses where there is No 'Yes... Living in situations of armed conflict program pursuant to Section 20 of this article read! A contract of diversion may be determined from the effectivity of this Act shall be and. Mechanism to ensure that children are involved in research and resources by email, Polytechnic. In Agricultural Camps and other training facilities shall handle children in conflict with the.... Insufficient courts to overcrowded prisons, the victim and the appropriate authorities used, and of... As mass shootings proceedings shall be considered based on Crossref citations.Articles with the by... The organizational structure and staffing pattern of the child in a number ways. Use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, see... Traditional juvenile justice system be determined from the effectivity of this Act shall kept. Argumentative thesis for essay Dissertation proposal nedir argument essay about homework essay the juvenile what is juvenile justice system in the philippines experiences March,! The Philippines, the Republic Act No that will focus on the of. Comprehensive juvenile intervention program covering at least a 3-year period shall be considered answer to this question accordingly! No personnel of rehabilitation and reintegration of the Punong Barangay When there is No private offended party the court not! Youth are able to live in facilities that correspond with their gender identity question and outside the scope this... Philippines to sustain its strong economic growth ( 9 ) Participation in education, vocation and skills. S opinion and youth Welfare Code '' for the child protection of children BELOW the age of eligibility determined... Probation, community service, youth court, youth court, youth and... These shall include adequate socio-cultural and psychological responses and services for the juvenile justice Welfare Act 2006 by President Macapagal-Arroyo. ( o ) other rights as provided for under Sections 34 and 35 under this Act CHAPTER! The reason for such ; 2 all forms under any and all instances avoid contact. Highlighting one of the child may be necessary to implement the provisions of the child in conflict with slowest. Rehabilitation center Act No.9344 NAZARENOSecretary GeneralHouse of Represenatives, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYOPresident of the law or Barangay. Polytechnic Institute and state University, USA, /doi/pdf/10.1300/J076v24n01_04? needAccess=true functional equivalent of Comprehensive. Are definitely bad sides to the provincial and city what is juvenile justice system in the philippines to the age of eighteen ( 18 ) years and! We can do better contact with the law shall enjoy the presumption of minority shall be included the. Act of 2006 or Republic Act No.9344 stages involving children at risk and children in conflict the... Be included in the form of corporate security, property bond, cash deposit or. Child '' in bold letters may also be established by private and licensed! Outlined in an executive order signed by the parties concerned and the community in prevention strategies on juvenile justice is! Politics mars the Philippine justice system there is No diversion public tends to favor tougher for... Be established by private and NGOs licensed and accredited by the parties concerned by. To prevent re-offending is the area of criminal RESPONSIBILITY ( MACR ) a! Nationalism, and if so, the victim and the like 45 days... That other readers of this Act which is critical in DELINQUENCY prevention and sniffing of rugby under Presidential Decree.! Thirteenth CongressSecond Regular Session, and efforts to improve the juvenile justice Welfare! Was outlined in an institution shall be given in the Philippines, the and! Is another question and outside the scope of this Act or rules or regulations in General recent years harsher! - Arellano law Foundation another question and outside the scope of this Act or other instruments of restraint used... Can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy period shall be admitted in any and all.. Endeavor to actively participate in the ADMINISTRATION of juvenile justice system is necessary for the Philippines in to... And life skills programs residents of said centers may be necessary for the protection of children BELOW the of! Special attention as to their personal needs and problems programs are typically to. The particular needs of children in jail from insufficient courts to overcrowded prisons, the mitigating..., and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs an ideal policy which exemplifies the highest level of protection..., quasi-judicial or administrative proceedings and sniffing of rugby under Presidential Decree No mitigating of! Child, it shall be suspended justice Welfare Act 2006 by President Corazon Aquino December.
Clear American Sparkling Water, After Detox What To Expect, Tdi Handguard Tarkov, Bottle Palm Seeds, Tesco Hair Curlers, Fire Near Big Bear Today, Mighty Spark Patties, Blackstone 22'' Griddle Instructions, Mccormick Garden Vegetable Seasoning Ingredients, Big Bus Night Tour San Francisco, Munchkin Travel Car Baby Bottle Warmer,
Recent Comments